Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia globally. In the United States, routine screening for iron deficiency anemia occurs at the start of prenatal care, the third trimester, and before birth. Treatment typically involves oral iron supplementation, which can cause gastrointestinal side effects and reduce adherence. New evidence supports early screening before anemia onset and the use of intravenous iron to accelerate treatment. However, more research is needed on the effects of over-supplementation and iron deficiency without anemia to improve treatment protocols.

This article reviews best practices for screening, treating, and monitoring iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and postpartum. It examines the maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications of anemia and various treatment options, weighing their risks and benefits. Additionally, it proposes an evidence-based algorithm to guide clinicians in the continued monitoring of patients after treatment, emphasizing the importance of early detection and appropriate management to ensure optimal outcomes.

Reference: Elmore C, Ellis J. Screening, Treatment, and Monitoring of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2022 May;67(3):321-331. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13370. Epub 2022 Jun 1. PMID: 35642737.