Heavy menstrual bleeding is the most common cause of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in reproductive-aged women, significantly affecting their quality of life. These conditions are often normalized by society and healthcare providers, leading to underdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. The adverse impacts of bleeding and ID/IDA include diminished cognitive function, increased work and school absenteeism, and presenteeism. Furthermore, evidence suggests that ID in early pregnancy can negatively affect fetal neurodevelopment, resulting in lasting cognitive and psychological disorders.

Recognizing and managing ID and IDA is crucial for improving women’s health, particularly during their reproductive years. Routine screening for anemia, particularly in women with heavy menstrual bleeding, is essential to prevent the severe consequences of untreated ID. Effective treatment strategies include oral or intravenous iron supplementation and addressing underlying conditions like gastrointestinal disorders or heavy menstrual bleeding. Enhanced awareness and targeted healthcare policies can help mitigate the prevalence of ID and IDA, ensuring better health outcomes for women and their children.

Reference: Munro MG. Heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia: Framing the issue. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023 Aug;162 Suppl 2:7-13. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14943. PMID: 37538011.